Data analysis
Tested vs Untested: How much do PEDs boost powerlifting performance?
One way to measure the effect of performance-enhancing drugs is to compare the best records from drug-tested federations against those from untested ones. For each weight class, how much higher is the all-time best untested record than the tested record? A positive gap means untested lifters lifted more. A negative gap means the tested record is higher, which can happen in weight classes where untested feds have fewer competitors.
What the data shows
Compared class for class, untested lifters hold the heavier records in most weight classes, but the edge is narrower than the sport's reputation suggests:
- For men's raw lifts, untested holds the higher record in 32 of the 48 weight classes compared and tested in 16. Where untested leads, it does so by an average of 10%.
- For women's raw lifts, untested holds the higher record in 25 of the 42 weight classes compared and tested in 17, with an average untested edge of 11%.
- The size of the edge depends on the lift. It is widest in women's raw bench (+15%) and tightest in men's raw squat (+7%); the summary cards below break out all eight.
- The classes where tested still leads are mostly the lightest ones, where few untested lifters compete and the records come from shallow fields.
How the weight classes are normalized
Powerlifting uses two weight-class systems. Drug-tested federations in the IPF family use one set of bodyweight classes (for men, 59, 66, 74, 83, 93, 105, and 120 kg); the wider field of untested-inclusive federations uses an older set (52, 56, 60, 67.5, 75, 82.5, 90, 100, 110, 125, and 140 kg). The two barely overlap, so an IPF class such as 83 kg holds tens of thousands of tested entries but only a few hundred untested ones. A comparison there sets a deep field against almost nothing.
This page restricts the comparison to the classes that carry real fields on both sides. Where an IPF class falls within 1.5 kg of one of those classes, its tested record is folded in so the deeper tested field is not lost: the men's 82.5 kg row, for instance, takes the higher of the 82.5 and 83 kg tested records. The heavier IPF classes (93, 105, and 120 kg) have no class within 1.5 kg and are left out; the 90, 100, 110, and 125 kg classes already cover that range with fields on both sides.
Men's Raw Summary
Men's Raw Squat
For the men's raw squat, untested lifters outperformed tested lifters in 8 of the 12 weight classes by an average of 7%.
| Class | Tested record holder | Tested | Untested record holder | Untested | Gap | Gap (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 52 kg115 lb | Andrzej Stanaszek | 290.0 kg640 lb | Qing Zhang | 177.5 kg392 lb | -112.5 kg-248 lb | -38.8% |
| 56 kg123 lb | Michael Booker | 250.0 kg551 lb | Precious McKenzie | 232.5 kg513 lb | -17.5 kg-39 lb | -7.0% |
| 60 kg132 lb | Jeremy Smith | 250.0 kg551 lb | Aleksey Nikulin | 270.0 kg595 lb | +20.0 kg+44 lb | +8.0% |
| 67.5 kg149 lb | Jonathan Garcia | 278.0 kg613 lb | Lorenzo Jordan | 300.0 kg662 lb | +22.0 kg+49 lb | +7.9% |
| 75 kg165 lb | Austin Perkins | 340.0 kg750 lb | Lorenzo Jordan | 325.0 kg717 lb | -15.0 kg-33 lb | -4.4% |
| 82.5 kg182 lb | Russel Orhii | 330.0 kg728 lb | Jawon Garrison | 353.0 kg778 lb | +23.0 kg+51 lb | +7.0% |
| 90 kg198 lb | Jawon Garrison | 360.0 kg794 lb | John Haack | 365.5 kg806 lb | +5.5 kg+12 lb | +1.5% |
| 100 kg220 lb | Lorenzo Wright | 361.0 kg796 lb | Tyler Williamson | 387.5 kg855 lb | +26.5 kg+59 lb | +7.3% |
| 110 kg243 lb | Ashton Rouska | 380.5 kg839 lb | Hussam Ateyia | 397.5 kg877 lb | +17.0 kg+38 lb | +4.5% |
| 125 kg276 lb | Dennis Cornelius | 395.0 kg871 lb | Colton Engelbrecht | 430.0 kg948 lb | +35.0 kg+77 lb | +8.9% |
| 140 kg309 lb | 张延飞 | 435.0 kg959 lb | Andrew Hause | 468.0 kg1032 lb | +33.0 kg+73 lb | +7.6% |
| 140+ kg309+ lb | Devonte Lewis | 490.5 kg1082 lb | Craig Foster | 465.0 kg1025 lb | -25.5 kg-56 lb | -5.2% |
Men's Raw Bench
For the men's raw bench, untested lifters outperformed tested lifters in 7 of the 12 weight classes by an average of 11%.
| Class | Tested record holder | Tested | Untested record holder | Untested | Gap | Gap (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 52 kg115 lb | Sherif Osman | 191.0 kg421 lb | Rafał Roch | 170.0 kg375 lb | -21.0 kg-47 lb | -11.0% |
| 56 kg123 lb | Sherif Osman | 205.5 kg453 lb | Roman Belousov | 175.0 kg386 lb | -30.5 kg-67 lb | -14.8% |
| 60 kg132 lb | Sherif Osman | 210.5 kg464 lb | James Pruszinski | 197.3 kg435 lb | -13.2 kg-29 lb | -6.3% |
| 67.5 kg149 lb | Lei Liu | 225.0 kg496 lb | Roman Eremashvili | 237.5 kg524 lb | +12.5 kg+28 lb | +5.6% |
| 75 kg165 lb | Akio Yokoyama | 250.5 kg553 lb | Roman Eremashvili | 245.0 kg540 lb | -5.5 kg-12 lb | -2.2% |
| 82.5 kg182 lb | Niilo Panhila | 252.5 kg557 lb | Andrey Sapozhonkov | 247.5 kg546 lb | -5.0 kg-11 lb | -2.0% |
| 90 kg198 lb | Ilya Kunygin | 250.0 kg551 lb | Andrey Sapozhonkov | 280.0 kg618 lb | +30.0 kg+66 lb | +12.0% |
| 100 kg220 lb | Igor Urievich Umerenkov | 265.0 kg584 lb | Oleg Perepechenov | 287.5 kg634 lb | +22.5 kg+50 lb | +8.5% |
| 110 kg243 lb | Rock Lewis | 272.2 kg600 lb | Jeremy Hoornstra | 305.0 kg673 lb | +32.8 kg+73 lb | +12.1% |
| 125 kg276 lb | Janne Heittokangas | 290.0 kg640 lb | Vladimir Kravtsov | 303.5 kg669 lb | +13.5 kg+30 lb | +4.7% |
| 140 kg309 lb | Steve Wong | 287.5 kg634 lb | Johnnie Harris | 320.0 kg706 lb | +32.5 kg+72 lb | +11.3% |
| 140+ kg309+ lb | Pedro Mejias | 290.0 kg640 lb | Julius Maddox | 355.0 kg783 lb | +65.0 kg+144 lb | +22.4% |
Men's Raw Deadlift
For the men's raw deadlift, untested lifters outperformed tested lifters in 9 of the 12 weight classes by an average of 13%.
| Class | Tested record holder | Tested | Untested record holder | Untested | Gap | Gap (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 52 kg115 lb | Dalton LaCoe | 271.5 kg599 lb | Luis Sotelo | 250.0 kg551 lb | -21.5 kg-48 lb | -7.9% |
| 56 kg123 lb | Zachariah Anguiano | 265.0 kg584 lb | Northon Machado Da Rosa | 300.0 kg662 lb | +35.0 kg+77 lb | +13.2% |
| 60 kg132 lb | Michael Slabic | 303.0 kg668 lb | Maksim Chursanov | 300.0 kg662 lb | -3.0 kg-7 lb | -1.0% |
| 67.5 kg149 lb | Kyle Nowak | 344.5 kg760 lb | Youssef Abdallah | 335.0 kg739 lb | -9.5 kg-21 lb | -2.8% |
| 75 kg165 lb | Ilya Marichev | 350.0 kg772 lb | Dmitry Nasonov | 365.0 kg805 lb | +15.0 kg+33 lb | +4.3% |
| 82.5 kg182 lb | Enahoro Asein | 383.0 kg845 lb | Dmitry Nasonov | 405.0 kg893 lb | +22.0 kg+49 lb | +5.7% |
| 90 kg198 lb | Liam Newell | 402.5 kg888 lb | John Haack | 413.0 kg911 lb | +10.5 kg+23 lb | +2.6% |
| 100 kg220 lb | Dustin McFarland | 387.5 kg854 lb | Krzysztof Wierzbicki | 433.5 kg956 lb | +46.0 kg+102 lb | +11.9% |
| 110 kg243 lb | Kalil Zaky | 405.0 kg893 lb | Danny Grigsby | 467.5 kg1031 lb | +62.5 kg+138 lb | +15.4% |
| 125 kg276 lb | Tyler Gulbransen | 380.5 kg839 lb | Danny Grigsby | 487.5 kg1075 lb | +107.0 kg+236 lb | +28.1% |
| 140 kg309 lb | Dorrell Petties-Dahmer | 401.0 kg884 lb | Colton Engelbrecht | 492.5 kg1086 lb | +91.5 kg+202 lb | +22.8% |
| 140+ kg309+ lb | Jacob Tolentino | 377.5 kg832 lb | Benedikt Magnússon | 440.0 kg970 lb | +62.5 kg+138 lb | +16.6% |
Men's Raw Total
For the men's raw total, untested lifters outperformed tested lifters in 8 of the 12 weight classes by an average of 11%.
| Class | Tested record holder | Tested | Untested record holder | Untested | Gap | Gap (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 52 kg115 lb | Andrzej Stanaszek | 600.0 kg1323 lb | Qing Zhang | 505.0 kg1114 lb | -95.0 kg-210 lb | -15.8% |
| 56 kg123 lb | Precious McKenzie | 572.5 kg1262 lb | Precious McKenzie | 610.0 kg1345 lb | +37.5 kg+83 lb | +6.6% |
| 60 kg132 lb | Sergey Fedosienko | 670.5 kg1478 lb | Ramón Vargas | 655.5 kg1445 lb | -15.0 kg-33 lb | -2.2% |
| 67.5 kg149 lb | Kjell Egil Bakkelund | 755.0 kg1665 lb | Raymond Phillips | 771.1 kg1700 lb | +16.1 kg+36 lb | +2.1% |
| 75 kg165 lb | Austin Perkins | 891.5 kg1966 lb | Keith Correa | 815.0 kg1797 lb | -76.5 kg-169 lb | -8.6% |
| 82.5 kg182 lb | Joseph Borenstein | 900.0 kg1984 lb | Jawon Garrison | 915.5 kg2019 lb | +15.5 kg+34 lb | +1.7% |
| 90 kg198 lb | Jawon Garrison | 915.0 kg2017 lb | John Haack | 1022.5 kg2254 lb | +107.5 kg+237 lb | +11.7% |
| 100 kg220 lb | Keenan Lee | 940.0 kg2073 lb | John Haack | 1043.5 kg2301 lb | +103.5 kg+228 lb | +11.0% |
| 110 kg243 lb | Ashton Rouska | 968.0 kg2134 lb | Jamal Browner | 1052.5 kg2321 lb | +84.5 kg+187 lb | +8.7% |
| 125 kg276 lb | Dennis Cornelius | 1002.5 kg2210 lb | Colton Engelbrecht | 1155.0 kg2547 lb | +152.5 kg+336 lb | +15.2% |
| 140 kg309 lb | Nathan Wilhelm | 960.0 kg2117 lb | Colton Engelbrecht | 1225.0 kg2701 lb | +265.0 kg+584 lb | +27.6% |
| 140+ kg309+ lb | Devonte Lewis | 1136.5 kg2506 lb | Daniel Bell | 1127.5 kg2486 lb | -9.0 kg-20 lb | -0.8% |
Women's Raw Summary
Women's Raw Squat
For the women's raw squat, untested lifters outperformed tested lifters in 7 of the 11 weight classes by an average of 14%.
| Class | Tested | Tested | Untested | Untested | Gap | Gap (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 44 kg97 lb | Stephanie Canola | 133.0 kg293 lb | 伍雯希 | 125.0 kg276 lb | -8.0 kg-18 lb | -6.0% |
| 48 kg106 lb | Tiffany Chapon | 170.5 kg376 lb | Maria Ramos | 170.0 kg375 lb | -0.5 kg-1 lb | -0.3% |
| 52 kg115 lb | Pleun Dekkers | 182.5 kg403 lb | Jenn Rotsinger | 167.5 kg370 lb | -15.0 kg-33 lb | -8.2% |
| 56 kg123 lb | Sara Naldi | 200.0 kg441 lb | Marianna Gasparyan | 220.0 kg485 lb | +20.0 kg+44 lb | +10.0% |
| 60 kg132 lb | Christiane Hazzard | 188.5 kg416 lb | Marianna Gasparyan | 230.5 kg508 lb | +42.0 kg+93 lb | +22.3% |
| 67.5 kg149 lb | Carola Garra | 227.0 kg501 lb | Naomi Sheppard | 227.0 kg501 lb | 0.0 kg0 lb | 0.0% |
| 75 kg165 lb | Cranon Worford | 240.0 kg529 lb | Kristy Hawkins | 282.5 kg623 lb | +42.5 kg+94 lb | +17.7% |
| 82.5 kg182 lb | Amanda Lawrence | 256.0 kg565 lb | Kristy Hawkins | 290.0 kg640 lb | +34.0 kg+75 lb | +13.3% |
| 90 kg198 lb | Marina Shelton | 227.5 kg502 lb | Samantha Rice | 282.5 kg623 lb | +55.0 kg+122 lb | +24.2% |
| 100 kg220 lb | Brie Levy | 245.0 kg540 lb | Naz Salman | 252.5 kg557 lb | +7.5 kg+17 lb | +3.1% |
| 110 kg243 lb | Brie Levy | 255.0 kg562 lb | Marissa Wilson | 265.0 kg584 lb | +10.0 kg+22 lb | +3.9% |
Women's Raw Bench
For the women's raw bench, untested lifters outperformed tested lifters in 3 of the 11 weight classes by an average of 15%.
| Class | Tested | Tested | Untested | Untested | Gap | Gap (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 44 kg97 lb | Lucy Ogechukwu Ejike | 127.5 kg281 lb | Jessica Goldstein | 79.4 kg175 lb | -48.1 kg-106 lb | -37.7% |
| 48 kg106 lb | Esther Osa Oyema | 135.0 kg298 lb | Samyra Abweh | 97.5 kg215 lb | -37.5 kg-83 lb | -27.8% |
| 52 kg115 lb | Vilhelmiina Rannikko | 145.0 kg320 lb | Małgorzata Hałas-Koralewska | 130.0 kg287 lb | -15.0 kg-33 lb | -10.3% |
| 56 kg123 lb | Fatma Omar | 142.0 kg313 lb | Blake Tobin | 133.8 kg295 lb | -8.2 kg-18 lb | -5.8% |
| 60 kg132 lb | Mae Angeli Saguil | 137.0 kg302 lb | Małgorzata Hałas-Koralewska | 145.0 kg320 lb | +8.0 kg+18 lb | +5.8% |
| 67.5 kg149 lb | Jenna Tuomainen | 162.5 kg359 lb | Diana Sergeeva | 155.0 kg342 lb | -7.5 kg-17 lb | -4.6% |
| 75 kg165 lb | Marketta Harjunen | 182.5 kg403 lb | Diana Sergeeva | 170.5 kg376 lb | -12.0 kg-27 lb | -6.6% |
| 82.5 kg182 lb | Jenna Laitinen | 185.0 kg408 lb | Shannon Nash | 172.5 kg381 lb | -12.5 kg-28 lb | -6.8% |
| 90 kg198 lb | Melanie Stewart | 157.5 kg347 lb | Małgorzata Kopiec | 183.0 kg404 lb | +25.5 kg+56 lb | +16.2% |
| 100 kg220 lb | Brie Levy | 147.5 kg325 lb | Małgorzata Kopiec | 180.0 kg397 lb | +32.5 kg+72 lb | +22.0% |
| 110 kg243 lb | Brie Levy | 157.5 kg347 lb | Brie Levy | 155.0 kg342 lb | -2.5 kg-6 lb | -1.6% |
Women's Raw Deadlift
For the women's raw deadlift, untested lifters outperformed tested lifters in 7 of the 11 weight classes by an average of 8%.
| Class | Tested | Tested | Untested | Untested | Gap | Gap (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 44 kg97 lb | Jennifer Genato | 162.5 kg359 lb | Payal Ghosh | 170.0 kg375 lb | +7.5 kg+17 lb | +4.6% |
| 48 kg106 lb | Heather Connor | 212.5 kg469 lb | Maria Ramos | 190.0 kg419 lb | -22.5 kg-50 lb | -10.6% |
| 52 kg115 lb | Farhanna Farid | 220.5 kg486 lb | Alisha Luna | 210.0 kg463 lb | -10.5 kg-23 lb | -4.8% |
| 56 kg123 lb | Joy Nnamani | 238.0 kg525 lb | Stefanie Cohen | 230.0 kg507 lb | -8.0 kg-18 lb | -3.4% |
| 60 kg132 lb | Nicole Maranan | 216.0 kg476 lb | Whitney Baxley | 236.0 kg521 lb | +20.0 kg+44 lb | +9.3% |
| 67.5 kg149 lb | Agata Sitko | 255.0 kg562 lb | Barbara Lee | 250.5 kg553 lb | -4.5 kg-10 lb | -1.8% |
| 75 kg165 lb | Chisom Ezeh | 263.0 kg580 lb | Kristy Hawkins | 280.0 kg618 lb | +17.0 kg+38 lb | +6.5% |
| 82.5 kg182 lb | Ziana Azariah | 270.0 kg595 lb | Chakera Ingram | 282.5 kg623 lb | +12.5 kg+28 lb | +4.6% |
| 90 kg198 lb | Erica Enarusai | 262.5 kg579 lb | Samantha Rice | 297.5 kg656 lb | +35.0 kg+77 lb | +13.3% |
| 100 kg220 lb | Michelle Akpala | 250.0 kg551 lb | Lydia Hantke | 275.0 kg607 lb | +25.0 kg+55 lb | +10.0% |
| 110 kg243 lb | Iva Liou | 245.0 kg540 lb | Kiersten Scurlock | 257.5 kg568 lb | +12.5 kg+28 lb | +5.1% |
Women's Raw Total
For the women's raw total, untested lifters outperformed tested lifters in 8 of the 11 weight classes by an average of 11%.
| Class | Tested | Tested | Untested | Untested | Gap | Gap (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 44 kg97 lb | Leanne Le | 350.0 kg772 lb | Stacia Cambra | 350.0 kg772 lb | 0.0 kg0 lb | 0.0% |
| 48 kg106 lb | Tiffany Chapon | 453.0 kg999 lb | Maria Ramos | 455.0 kg1003 lb | +2.0 kg+5 lb | +0.4% |
| 52 kg115 lb | Megan-Li Smith | 486.5 kg1073 lb | Alisha Luna | 475.0 kg1047 lb | -11.5 kg-26 lb | -2.4% |
| 56 kg123 lb | Sara Naldi | 521.0 kg1149 lb | Marianna Gasparyan | 552.5 kg1218 lb | +31.5 kg+70 lb | +6.0% |
| 60 kg132 lb | Mae Angeli Saguil | 509.5 kg1124 lb | Marianna Gasparyan | 580.0 kg1279 lb | +70.5 kg+156 lb | +13.8% |
| 67.5 kg149 lb | Agata Sitko | 612.5 kg1351 lb | Sharon Eggleton | 590.0 kg1301 lb | -22.5 kg-50 lb | -3.7% |
| 75 kg165 lb | Cranon Worford | 629.0 kg1387 lb | Kristy Hawkins | 720.0 kg1588 lb | +91.0 kg+201 lb | +14.5% |
| 82.5 kg182 lb | Amanda Lawrence | 646.0 kg1424 lb | Kristy Hawkins | 720.0 kg1588 lb | +74.0 kg+163 lb | +11.5% |
| 90 kg198 lb | Marina Shelton | 577.5 kg1273 lb | Samantha Rice | 743.0 kg1638 lb | +165.5 kg+365 lb | +28.7% |
| 100 kg220 lb | Brie Levy | 617.5 kg1362 lb | Taylor Phillips | 657.5 kg1450 lb | +40.0 kg+88 lb | +6.5% |
| 110 kg243 lb | Brie Levy | 640.0 kg1411 lb | Kiersten Scurlock | 677.5 kg1494 lb | +37.5 kg+83 lb | +5.9% |